diff --git a/backend/docs/EQUIPMENT_STATUS.md b/backend/docs/EQUIPMENT_STATUS.md
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+# Equipment Status Mapping
+
+## Overview
+The `equipment_status` field tracks the state of IoT equipment for each beneficiary in the WellNuo system.
+
+## Database Field
+- **Table**: `beneficiaries`
+- **Column**: `equipment_status` (VARCHAR)
+- **Default**: `'none'`
+- **Constraint**: No CHECK constraint defined in schema (any string value allowed)
+
+## Valid Status Values
+
+| Status | Description | When Set | User Flow |
+|--------|-------------|----------|-----------|
+| `none` | No equipment ordered or assigned | • Initial beneficiary creation<br>• Default state | User sees "Purchase Equipment" screen |
+| `ordered` | Equipment ordered, payment completed | • After successful Stripe payment<br>• Order status: paid | User sees "Order Tracking" screen |
+| `shipped` | Equipment in transit | • Order status changes to shipped<br>• Tracking number assigned | User sees "Delivery Status" screen |
+| `delivered` | Equipment arrived at destination | • Order status changes to delivered | User sees "Activate Equipment" screen |
+| `demo` | Demo mode activated (no real devices) | • User activates with serial `DEMO-00000` or `DEMO-1234-5678` | Full app access with simulated data |
+| `active` | Real equipment activated and operational | • User activates with real device serial number | Full app access with real sensor data |
+
+## Code Locations
+
+### Setting Status
+```javascript
+// Initial creation (none)
+POST /api/me/beneficiaries
+  → equipment_status: 'none'
+
+// Activation (demo or active)
+POST /api/me/beneficiaries/:id/activate
+  → isDemoMode = serialNumber === 'DEMO-00000' || serialNumber === 'DEMO-1234-5678'
+  → equipment_status: isDemoMode ? 'demo' : 'active'
+
+// Order status changes (ordered, shipped, delivered)
+POST /api/webhook/stripe
+  → Updates based on Stripe events
+```
+
+### Reading Status
+```javascript
+// List beneficiaries
+GET /api/me/beneficiaries
+  → equipmentStatus: beneficiary.equipment_status || 'none'
+  → hasDevices: beneficiary.equipment_status === 'active' || beneficiary.equipment_status === 'demo'
+
+// Get single beneficiary
+GET /api/me/beneficiaries/:id
+  → equipmentStatus: beneficiary.equipment_status || 'none'
+  → hasDevices: beneficiary.equipment_status === 'active' || beneficiary.equipment_status === 'demo'
+```
+
+## Navigation Logic (NavigationController)
+
+The `equipmentStatus` determines which screen to show after login/beneficiary creation:
+
+```typescript
+if (equipmentStatus === 'none') {
+  → /(auth)/purchase - Buy equipment
+}
+
+if (equipmentStatus === 'ordered' || equipmentStatus === 'shipped') {
+  → /(tabs)/beneficiaries/:id/equipment - Track delivery
+}
+
+if (equipmentStatus === 'delivered') {
+  → /(auth)/activate - Activate equipment
+}
+
+if (equipmentStatus === 'active' || equipmentStatus === 'demo') {
+  → /(tabs)/dashboard - Full app access
+}
+```
+
+## hasDevices Flag
+
+**Critical for navigation:** `hasDevices` is derived from `equipmentStatus`:
+
+```javascript
+hasDevices = (equipmentStatus === 'active' || equipmentStatus === 'demo')
+```
+
+This flag is used in:
+- Navigation decisions (show dashboard vs purchase)
+- Feature access control (sensors, alarms, etc.)
+- UI conditional rendering
+
+## Issues Found
+
+1. **No Database Constraint**: The `equipment_status` column has no CHECK constraint, allowing any string value
+   - **Risk**: Typos, invalid values, inconsistent casing
+   - **Recommendation**: Add CHECK constraint in future migration
+
+2. **Frontend Handling**: Frontend code should handle all possible statuses gracefully
+   - Current implementation uses fallback: `equipmentStatus || 'none'`
+   - UI should handle unexpected values with default behavior
+
+3. **Order Status Sync**: Need to verify that order status changes properly update `equipment_status`
+   - Check Stripe webhook handlers
+   - Verify order table → beneficiaries sync
+
+## Testing Requirements
+
+### Unit Tests Needed
+- ✅ Activation sets correct status (demo vs active)
+- ✅ Beneficiary creation defaults to 'none'
+- ✅ hasDevices calculation is correct
+- ⚠️ Status transitions (none → ordered → shipped → delivered → active)
+- ⚠️ Invalid status handling
+
+### Integration Tests Needed
+- ⚠️ Order webhook → equipment_status update
+- ⚠️ Navigation flow for each status
+- ⚠️ UI rendering for each status
+
+## Recommendations
+
+1. **Add Database Constraint** (Future Migration):
+   ```sql
+   ALTER TABLE beneficiaries
+   ADD CONSTRAINT check_equipment_status
+   CHECK (equipment_status IN ('none', 'ordered', 'shipped', 'delivered', 'demo', 'active'));
+   ```
+
+2. **Create Constants File**:
+   ```javascript
+   // constants/equipmentStatus.js
+   const EQUIPMENT_STATUS = {
+     NONE: 'none',
+     ORDERED: 'ordered',
+     SHIPPED: 'shipped',
+     DELIVERED: 'delivered',
+     DEMO: 'demo',
+     ACTIVE: 'active'
+   };
+   ```
+
+3. **Add Status Validation** in API endpoints:
+   ```javascript
+   function isValidEquipmentStatus(status) {
+     return ['none', 'ordered', 'shipped', 'delivered', 'demo', 'active'].includes(status);
+   }
+   ```
+
+4. **Add Logging** for status changes:
+   ```javascript
+   console.log(`[EQUIPMENT_STATUS] ${beneficiaryId}: ${oldStatus} → ${newStatus}`);
+   ```
diff --git a/backend/src/routes/__tests__/beneficiaries-equipment-status.test.js b/backend/src/routes/__tests__/beneficiaries-equipment-status.test.js
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+const request = require('supertest');
+const express = require('express');
+const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
+const { supabase } = require('../../config/supabase');
+
+// Set JWT_SECRET for tests
+process.env.JWT_SECRET = 'test-secret';
+
+// Mock Stripe before requiring beneficiaries
+jest.mock('stripe', () => {
+  return jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({
+    checkout: {
+      sessions: {
+        create: jest.fn()
+      }
+    }
+  }));
+});
+
+// Mock supabase
+jest.mock('../../config/supabase', () => ({
+  supabase: {
+    from: jest.fn(),
+    auth: {
+      getUser: jest.fn()
+    }
+  }
+}));
+
+// Mock legacyAPI
+jest.mock('../../services/legacyAPI', () => ({
+  getDeploymentBeneficiaryName: jest.fn()
+}));
+
+// Mock storage
+jest.mock('../../services/storage', () => ({
+  uploadAvatar: jest.fn()
+}));
+
+const beneficiariesRouter = require('../beneficiaries');
+
+const app = express();
+app.use(express.json());
+app.use('/api/me/beneficiaries', beneficiariesRouter);
+
+// Helper to generate valid JWT token
+function generateToken(userId = 1, email = 'test@example.com') {
+  return jwt.sign({ userId, email }, process.env.JWT_SECRET);
+}
+
+describe('Equipment Status Mapping', () => {
+  let validToken;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+    validToken = generateToken();
+  });
+
+  describe('GET /api/me/beneficiaries', () => {
+    it('should map equipment_status correctly for "none"', async () => {
+      const mockBeneficiary = {
+        id: 1,
+        name: 'Test Beneficiary',
+        equipment_status: 'none',
+        phone: null,
+        address: null,
+        avatar_url: null,
+        created_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        subscription_status: null
+      };
+
+      const mockAccess = {
+        beneficiary_id: 1,
+        accessor_id: 1,
+        role: 'custodian',
+        granted_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        custom_name: null
+      };
+
+      supabase.from.mockImplementation((table) => {
+        if (table === 'user_access') {
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: [mockAccess], error: null })
+          };
+        }
+        if (table === 'beneficiaries') {
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            in: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: [mockBeneficiary], error: null })
+          };
+        }
+        return {
+          select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+          eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: null, error: null })
+        };
+      });
+
+      const response = await request(app)
+        .get('/api/me/beneficiaries')
+        .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.body.beneficiaries).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(response.body.beneficiaries[0]).toMatchObject({
+        equipmentStatus: 'none',
+        hasDevices: false
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should map equipment_status correctly for "demo"', async () => {
+      const mockBeneficiary = {
+        id: 1,
+        name: 'Test Beneficiary',
+        equipment_status: 'demo',
+        phone: null,
+        address: null,
+        avatar_url: null,
+        created_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        subscription_status: null
+      };
+
+      const mockAccess = {
+        beneficiary_id: 1,
+        accessor_id: 1,
+        role: 'custodian',
+        granted_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        custom_name: null
+      };
+
+      supabase.from.mockImplementation((table) => {
+        if (table === 'user_access') {
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: [mockAccess], error: null })
+          };
+        }
+        if (table === 'beneficiaries') {
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            in: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: [mockBeneficiary], error: null })
+          };
+        }
+        return {
+          select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+          eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: null, error: null })
+        };
+      });
+
+      const response = await request(app)
+        .get('/api/me/beneficiaries')
+        .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.body.beneficiaries).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(response.body.beneficiaries[0]).toMatchObject({
+        equipmentStatus: 'demo',
+        hasDevices: true
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should map equipment_status correctly for "active"', async () => {
+      const mockBeneficiary = {
+        id: 1,
+        name: 'Test Beneficiary',
+        equipment_status: 'active',
+        phone: null,
+        address: null,
+        avatar_url: null,
+        created_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        subscription_status: null
+      };
+
+      const mockAccess = {
+        beneficiary_id: 1,
+        accessor_id: 1,
+        role: 'custodian',
+        granted_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        custom_name: null
+      };
+
+      supabase.from.mockImplementation((table) => {
+        if (table === 'user_access') {
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: [mockAccess], error: null })
+          };
+        }
+        if (table === 'beneficiaries') {
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            in: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: [mockBeneficiary], error: null })
+          };
+        }
+        return {
+          select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+          eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: null, error: null })
+        };
+      });
+
+      const response = await request(app)
+        .get('/api/me/beneficiaries')
+        .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.body.beneficiaries).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(response.body.beneficiaries[0]).toMatchObject({
+        equipmentStatus: 'active',
+        hasDevices: true
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should default to "none" when equipment_status is null', async () => {
+      const mockBeneficiary = {
+        id: 1,
+        name: 'Test Beneficiary',
+        equipment_status: null,
+        phone: null,
+        address: null,
+        avatar_url: null,
+        created_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        subscription_status: null
+      };
+
+      const mockAccess = {
+        beneficiary_id: 1,
+        accessor_id: 1,
+        role: 'custodian',
+        granted_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        custom_name: null
+      };
+
+      supabase.from.mockImplementation((table) => {
+        if (table === 'user_access') {
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: [mockAccess], error: null })
+          };
+        }
+        if (table === 'beneficiaries') {
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            in: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: [mockBeneficiary], error: null })
+          };
+        }
+        return {
+          select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+          eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: null, error: null })
+        };
+      });
+
+      const response = await request(app)
+        .get('/api/me/beneficiaries')
+        .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.body.beneficiaries).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(response.body.beneficiaries[0]).toMatchObject({
+        equipmentStatus: 'none',
+        hasDevices: false
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle order statuses (ordered, shipped, delivered)', async () => {
+      const statuses = ['ordered', 'shipped', 'delivered'];
+
+      for (const status of statuses) {
+        const mockBeneficiary = {
+          id: 1,
+          name: 'Test Beneficiary',
+          equipment_status: status,
+          phone: null,
+          address: null,
+          avatar_url: null,
+          created_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+          subscription_status: null
+        };
+
+        const mockAccess = {
+          beneficiary_id: 1,
+          accessor_id: 1,
+          role: 'custodian',
+          granted_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+          custom_name: null
+        };
+
+        supabase.from.mockImplementation((table) => {
+          if (table === 'user_access') {
+            return {
+              select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+              eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: [mockAccess], error: null })
+            };
+          }
+          if (table === 'beneficiaries') {
+            return {
+              select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+              in: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: [mockBeneficiary], error: null })
+            };
+          }
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: null, error: null })
+          };
+        });
+
+        const response = await request(app)
+          .get('/api/me/beneficiaries')
+          .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`);
+
+        expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+        expect(response.body.beneficiaries).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(response.body.beneficiaries[0]).toMatchObject({
+          equipmentStatus: status,
+          hasDevices: false // Order statuses don't grant device access
+        });
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('POST /api/me/beneficiaries/:id/activate', () => {
+    it('should set equipment_status to "demo" for demo serial numbers', async () => {
+      const demoSerials = ['DEMO-00000', 'DEMO-1234-5678'];
+
+      for (const serialNumber of demoSerials) {
+        const mockAccess = {
+          beneficiary_id: 1,
+          accessor_id: 1,
+          role: 'custodian'
+        };
+
+        const mockBeneficiary = {
+          id: 1,
+          name: 'Test Beneficiary',
+          equipment_status: 'demo'
+        };
+
+        supabase.from.mockImplementation((table) => {
+          if (table === 'user_access') {
+            return {
+              select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+              eq: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+              single: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: mockAccess, error: null })
+            };
+          }
+          if (table === 'beneficiaries') {
+            return {
+              update: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+              eq: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+              select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+              single: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: mockBeneficiary, error: null })
+            };
+          }
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: null, error: null })
+          };
+        });
+
+        const response = await request(app)
+          .post('/api/me/beneficiaries/1/activate')
+          .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`)
+          .send({ serialNumber });
+
+        expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+        expect(response.body.beneficiary).toMatchObject({
+          equipmentStatus: 'demo',
+          hasDevices: true
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should set equipment_status to "active" for real serial numbers', async () => {
+      const mockAccess = {
+        beneficiary_id: 1,
+        accessor_id: 1,
+        role: 'custodian'
+      };
+
+      const mockBeneficiary = {
+        id: 1,
+        name: 'Test Beneficiary',
+        equipment_status: 'active'
+      };
+
+      supabase.from.mockImplementation((table) => {
+        if (table === 'user_access') {
+          return {
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            eq: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            single: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: mockAccess, error: null })
+          };
+        }
+        if (table === 'beneficiaries') {
+          return {
+            update: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            eq: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+            single: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: mockBeneficiary, error: null })
+          };
+        }
+        return {
+          select: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+          eq: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ data: null, error: null })
+        };
+      });
+
+      const response = await request(app)
+        .post('/api/me/beneficiaries/1/activate')
+        .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${validToken}`)
+        .send({ serialNumber: 'SN-12345678' });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.body.beneficiary).toMatchObject({
+        equipmentStatus: 'active',
+        hasDevices: true
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('hasDevices calculation', () => {
+    it('should return true for "active" status', () => {
+      const hasDevices = 'active' === 'active' || 'active' === 'demo';
+      expect(hasDevices).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true for "demo" status', () => {
+      const hasDevices = 'demo' === 'active' || 'demo' === 'demo';
+      expect(hasDevices).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for "none" status', () => {
+      const hasDevices = 'none' === 'active' || 'none' === 'demo';
+      expect(hasDevices).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for "ordered" status', () => {
+      const hasDevices = 'ordered' === 'active' || 'ordered' === 'demo';
+      expect(hasDevices).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for "shipped" status', () => {
+      const hasDevices = 'shipped' === 'active' || 'shipped' === 'demo';
+      expect(hasDevices).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for "delivered" status', () => {
+      const hasDevices = 'delivered' === 'active' || 'delivered' === 'demo';
+      expect(hasDevices).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});